MAGNETIC PARTICLE EXAMINATION (M.P.I.) INTRODUCTION This method is used for detecting cracks and other discontinuities open to surface or sub surface in ferromagnetic materials. Fine magnetic particles are applied to the surface of a part which has been suitably magnetized. The particles are attracted to regions of magnetic non-uniformity associated with defects and discontinuities, thus producing indication which are observed visually. PRINCIPLE When a piece of metal is placed in a magnetic field and the lines of magnetic flux get intersected by a discontinuity such as a crack or slag inclusion in a casting, magnetic poles are induced on either side of the discontinuity. The discontinuity causes an abrupt change in the path of magnetic flux flowing through the casting normal to the discontinuity, resulting a local flux leakage field and interfering with the magnetic lines of force. This local flux disturbance can be detected by its affect upon magnetic particles that collect o...